Climate Change - an area of future research

Climate Change - an area of future research

Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan

Climate change adaptation programme is emerging as one of the new generation courses having umpteen research potentials. Considering lack of technical personnel in this field of emerging science, an innovative and unique postgraduate programme entitled M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation has been started at Academy of Climate Change Education and Research (ACCER) of Kerala Agricultural University at Vellanikkara campus, Thrissur from 2010-2011 onwards.

Climate change has become a reality and global warming is likely to be increased by 3°C by the end of this century. Sectors like Agriculture, Horticulture, Plantations, Forestry, Fisheries, Biodiversity, Water resources, Animal agriculture and Human health too are in threat in the event of frequent occurrence of floods, droughts, heat and cold waves due to global warming and climate change. Moreover recent climate predictions reveal that India will be one of the threatened regions of the world

Farmers are encountering new challenges in terms of shortage of farm laborers, increase in cost of production, uncertainties in markets and more recently, increased weather / climate risks. Climate change affects both crop production and diseases which in turn affect dynamics and interaction between crop and pests. So it is the need of the hour, to develop capacity building in all the aspects of climate change education, research and management with multi-disciplinary / institutional approach.

The ACCER will serve as the nodal agency dealing with climate change education, research and capacity building in all the aspects of climate risk management, weather insurance and weather related natural disaster management by creating the most competent postgraduates in this field of emerging science. It also provides information to the planners for implementing strategies to mitigate the ill effects of climate change so as to sustain and enhance the rural livelihoods says Dr.GSLHV Prasada Rao, Associate Director of Research and Special Officer, ACCER of Kerala Agricultural University.

According to Dr.Prasada Rao, this is one of the pioneering ventures in the humid tropics and its outcomes will have local as well as global relevance on climate change adaptation strategies through climate change education and research. Current and future climate change, and issues related to climate variability are among the foremost scientific challenges presently being faced by the global community. Questions of climate futures bring with them far-reaching social and economic implications. In all environment-related aspects of agriculture and associated activities, there is a recognition and demand for climate change-related expertise.

This Climate Change Adaptation Degree Programme builds on KAU’s current expertise in climate research and relationships with local, national and international initiatives and organizations, including India Meteorological Department, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Indian Space Research Organization, Cochin University of Science and Technology, various Indian traditional and State Agricultural Universities and University of Western Australia.

The Integrated Climate Change Adaptation Degree Programme, will be the first of its kind in Asia, and will give the students an understanding of the processes and activities that influence climate, ability to analyze and interpret the risks and opportunities associated with climate and climate change and to make recommendations on future adaptation and mitigation strategies.

The programme provides an integrated approach to the analysis of climate change and processes in the context of agriculture and environmental management. The interaction of the atmosphere with the other components of the Earth system, and the economic and policy issues associated with climate change, sustainability, agricultural productivity and food security are central concerns in the response to climate variability and future climate change, and are examined at both the regional and global scales.

3

In this programme students will get an opportunity to specialize in one of the main disciplines which include Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Fisheries, Forestry, Biodiversity, Water resources and Health.

Details of the proposed programme

Duration of the course is 5 years (10 semesters). Eligibility requirement is pass in plus two with science stream (Biology/Mathematics) or equivalent with 60 percent marks in aggregate in general category and 50 percent marks for SC/ST candidates. Mode of selection is based on entrance examination conducted by Kerala Agricultural University. Notification will come during the last week of April every year.

For more details contact

E mail-kauagmet@yahoo.co.in

Websites- www.kau.edu www.kauagmet.org

Outcomes

Upon completion of the 5-year Master of Science in Climate Change Adaptation (Integrated) Degree programme students will have:

4 Scientific knowledge of: (i) climate processes, climate variability and controls of climate change; (ii) the significance and relevance of climate processes and change to the wider agricultural and environmental sciences; and (iii) the policy, planning and social science implications of climate change issues at the regional and global scale;

4 The competence to effectively translate basic climate science, climate change and related issues into an environmental-social science problem solving context;

4 A high level of scientific expertise and depth in their chosen area of specialization, and the necessary analytical, field and computational skills relevant to the area of specialization;

4 Through ‘Practical Experience’ the competence to translate academic training into an applied context;

4 The ability to undertake independent research relevant to climate-related issues – showing a high level of critical awareness;

4 Significant scientific understanding of an area of specialization and ability to identify research questions;

4 The necessary communication skills to impart information and advice on issues of climate adaptation and mitigation to agricultural and environmental practitioners.

Career Prospects

Since Governments and Agencies at state, National and International and private companies are providing increasing attention required for climate change issues, there will be better job prospects for graduates within the country and abroad. Climatology is one of the important areas of research in Canada, United Kingdom, United States and in Asian Countries.

Veterinary licensing examination abroad-prospects&Procedures

Prospects and procedures for Veterinary licensing examination abroad
Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan
Veterinary profession has immense research and career potential abroad. Compared to any other professions, Veterinarians in Canada, European Union and United States are getting jobs with attractive pay packages and practice. Employment opportunities for veterinarians are almost endless and include private or corporate clinical practice, teaching and research, regulatory medicine, public health and military service.
For example New Zealand requires more number of Veterinarians to meet the immediate demand, since the country face acute shortage for veterinarians in rural areas. Indian vets can exploit this potential to get easy placement in New Zealand. According to Massey University, more vacancies of veterinary doctors exist in New Zealand. University authorities say that it will take more than 5 years to fill the existing vacancies of vets in the country. Rural areas are facing acute shortage of vets. This affects farmers who are rearing more number of cattle in the rural areas.
New Zealand is one of leading players of Dairy industry in the world. Scarcity of vets in the country affect the trade of livestock products especially exports of livestock products. As far as Animal husbandry sector is concerned, pet animal/ companion animal rearing is more centered on urban centers whereas dairying and other livestock farming activities are taking place in the rural areas. Moreover there is acute shortage of veterinarians in the field of equine practice. Changing trends in veterinary profession and livestock sector coupled with people’s attitude, expectations and regulations contribute to the shortage of veterinarians in rural areas. In New Zealand working hours for the veterinarians has been reduced recently so as to make the veterinary practice more flexible and attractive.

In order to get New Zealand immigration, veterinary graduates have to complete IELTS with a band of 6-6.5. After New Zealand immigration veterinary graduates from the country can do externship up to two years under a registered veterinary practitioner in New Zealand. After externship they can appear for the licensing examination of ECFVG (Educational Commission of Foreign Veterinary Graduates) examination. This examination has four steps. It includes assessment of veterinary graduation and college credentials, English language ability, basic and veterinary clinical science knowledge and hands on clinical veterinary medical skills. A candidate who successfully completes ECFVG examination will get DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) degree to start independent practice.

Certification programmes
Foreign Veterinary Graduates and the NAVLE
Individual licensing boards are responsible for determining the eligibility of candidates to sit for the NAVLE. From 2007-2008 onwards NAVLE administrations insist that ECFVG and PAVE candidates must have completed the Step 3 examination requirement of the respective program before they can be approved by a licensing board to take the NAVLE.
All licensure candidates, whether they are graduates of accredited or non-accredited schools, must pass the NAVLE in order to be licensed to practice veterinary medicine by any licensing board in North America.
National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners
P.O. Box 1356
Bismarck, ND 58502
701-224-0332
There are two certification programs for graduates of non-accredited veterinary schools, the Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG) and the Program for the Assessment of Veterinary Education Equivalence (PAVE).




ECFVG
The Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG) program is a certification program for graduates of non-accredited veterinary schools operated by the American Veterinary Medical Association. All licensing boards accept ECFVG certificates for candidates seeking licensure.
The ECFVG program consists of four steps. The first step is application and credentials verification, which requires the applicant to demonstrate that they are a graduate of a recognized (but not AVMA-accredited) school of veterinary medicine. The second step requires demonstration of English proficiency. Third step is passing the ECFVG's new basic and clinical sciences examination, and the fourth step is passing a three and a half day hands-on clinical examination (the Clinical Proficiency Examination (CPE)).
North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) administration insist that ECFVG candidates must pass the ECFVG's new step 3 examinations before they can be approved by a licensing board to take the NAVLE.
For more information on the ECFVG program, contact:
Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates
American Veterinary Medical Association
1931 N. Meacham Rd., Suite 100
Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360
Telephone: 847-925-8070, extension 6623
Fax: 847-925-1329
E-mail: ecfvg@avma.org
Web site: http://www.avma.org/education/ecfvg
PAVE
The Program for the Assessment of Veterinary Education Equivalence (PAVE) is a certification program for graduates of non-accredited veterinary schools operated by the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB). About 24 licensing boards presently accept PAVE certificates in addition to ECFVG certificates.
PAVE, like ECFVG, has four steps. Step 1 is application and credentials review, and Step to pass 2 is demonstration of English proficiency. PAVE step 3 requires candidates the National Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners (NBVME)’s Qualifying Examination, designed to assess knowledge in basic science areas taught in the first three years of an accredited veterinary school, but not covered directly on the NAVLE. PAVE step 4 requires candidates to demonstrate clinical proficiency by completing at least 12 months of evaluated clinical experience at an accredited veterinary school, or by passing the Veterinary Clinical Skills Assessment (VCSA), a hands-on clinical skills examination developed by the NBVME.
NAVLE administration also insists that PAVE candidates must pass the Qualifying Examination (PAVE step 3) before they can be approved by a licensing board to take the NAVLE.
For more information on the PAVE program, contact:
American Association of Veterinary State Boards
4106 Central
Kansas City, MO 64111
Telephone: 816-931-1504 or 877-698-8482
Fax: 816-931-1604
E-mail: info@aavsb.org
Web site: http://www.aavsb.org

Canada
Canada has its own certification requirements for international veterinary graduates. Temporary registration is available for Veterinarians working towards a Certificate of Qualification. Candidates must have passed the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) and be accepted to take the Clinical Proficiency Exam (CPE) for the Certificate of Qualification. Temporary members are required to be supervised by an ABVMA regulated member in order to practice veterinary medicine. Upon completion of the Certificate of Qualification, the applicant would be eligible to apply for Active Membership. Temporary registration is granted in 3-month intervals available for a maximum of 24 months. http://canadianveterinarians.net
The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) is the national body representing the interests of the veterinary profession in Canada. The National Examining Board (NEB) is a board of the CVMA established to administer the NEB Examination.

Graduates of a non-accredited veterinary school are required to complete all three parts of the examination sequence in order to receive a Certificate of Qualification. The veterinary licensing examination process for graduates of non-accredited veterinary schools involves:
• The Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination (BCSE)
• The North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE); and
• The Clinical Proficiency Examination (CPE).
To become a candidate of the NEB, you must request an application package (for a fee) from the CVMA website. The package includes an application form, a list of the documents to be submitted and a booklet that explains the exam process in detail.
Contact the National Examining Board for more information.
Alberta Veterinary Medical Association (ABVMA)
website: www.avma.ab.ca
Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA)
websites: www.canadianveterinarians.net and www.animalhealthcare.ca
It is preferable for the veterinary graduates to apply for higher studies in any Veterinary school abroad. During this period they can prepare for licensing examinations.

Prospects for Agri Business Management Course

Agri Business Management–Better prospects ahead
Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan

In the era of Globalization major structural reforms are taking place in the Agricultural sector. India is on the threshold of Green revolution. Commerciacialisation of Agriculture, Animal husbandry, Dairying, Fisheries and allied sectors are taking place at a faster pace in the country. National Agriculture Policy, agricultural reforms like public private partnerships, market lead extension programmes and agricultural technology management programmes envisage market centered production programmes in agriculture and allied sectors to attain sustainability. As a seqele to GATT and ASEAN agreement, in order to exploit the potentials of market access like export, cutting edge technologies in the areas of value addition, food safety, packaging, quality control, HACCP, etc are needed. Moreover food security issues are emerging over the globe. For achieving the above envisaged objectives, technocrats endowed with relevant management skills and experience are essential. This paved the way for starting the programmes like Agri Business Management for Agricultural graduates. Critical management and entrepreneurial competencies enable them to own and manage Agri-business enterprises of global standards.


Agribusiness management is one of the courses having more career potential within the country and abroad. Commercialization of agriculture and allied activities pave way for experts in Agri Business Management to acquire better jobs in this sector. Supply chain management and logistics management are some of career oriented courses. National institute of Extension management, Hyderabad is one of premier institutes offering post graduate programme in Agribusiness management and supply chain management.
Recently Prime Minister Manmohan Singh emphasized the need for greater attention to local needs by citing an important modern management principle of ‘think global and act local’. Logistics could play a key role in integrating rural and urban divide. A logistics model can provide cost effective access for rural produce to urban markets. Moreover public private partnerships will help to address some of the rural development issues. This further emphasizes the importance of Agri business, supply chain and logistics management.

Agri business management professionals will have very good employment potential in Agribusiness industries like food processing, banking and financial institutions, commodities exchange bureaus, dairy and animal husbandry sector, meat and meat products, agrochemical sectors, organic farms, sugar industry, agri informatics, cattle feed industry, export promotion councils, fruits and vegetable industries, poultry industry, sea food industry , biotech firms, plantation sector, forestry, ayurvedic industry, coir industry, horticulture, floriculture, teaching and research.

MBA in Agri Business Management from Kerala Agricultural University

MBA in Agri Business Management offered by College of Co-operation, Banking and Management of Kerala Agricultural University, Velanikkara, Thrissur is unique with respect to specialization, pedagogy, training, placement, etc with an affordable fee structure; Says Dr.A. Sukumaran, Director of the MBA programme, KAU.A full time placement cell has been constituted to ensure the placement of Agri business management professionals. Major employers in the previous years include Royal Bank of Scotland, Harrison’s Malayalam Limited, Dhanalaxmi Bank, HDFC bank, Reliance Retail Ltd, Sutherland, Pantaloon Retail and Aditya Birla group. All professional graduates of state agricultural universities with an OGPA of 7.5/10 can apply for the programme. Any Agriculture and allied science graduates like veterinary science, fisheries science, dairy science, and forestry can join for the post graduate agribusiness management courses. Selection process is through written test and interview. For more details on application forms and prospectus please logon to www. kaumba.com & www.kau.edu. Last date for receipt of application is 23rd June2010.


Other Agri Business Management institutions in the country
1. MANAGE- National institute of Extension Management, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad
www.manage.gov.in
2. Institute of Agri Business management, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan
www.iabmbikaner.org
3. Indian institute of management, Ahmedabad
www.iimahd.ernet.in
4. Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat
5. www.xlri.edu
6. www.iimk.ac.in
7. College of Agribusiness management, GB Pant university of Agricultural Technology, Pantnagar
www.cabm.ac.in
8. www.xlri.edu

GRE wil be in the revised format

GRE will be revised from August 2011 onwards
Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan
Graduate Record Examination- GRE, which is mandatory for getting admission to Graduate programmes in United States, UK and Canada, will witness exciting changes from August 2011 onwards. GRE are of two types i.e.; Generalized and Specialized tests. Generalized GRE will be in a new format from August2011 onwards. Specialized GRE is other wise called Subject GRE which is required for certain specific subjects like Biochemistry, Cell and molecular Biology, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, English literature, Mathematics, Physics and Psychology.
Generalized GRE comprises of three tests like Analytical Writing that measures critical thinking and analytical writing skills, specifically the test taker's ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively. Verbal reasoning measures reading comprehension skills, verbal and analogical reasoning skills, focusing on the test taker's ability to analyze and evaluate written material. Quantitative reasoning measures problem solving ability, focusing on basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry and data analysis.
Revised test is student friendly design for the computer based GRE test that helps to edit or change answers, skip questions and more, all within a section giving freedom to use more of students own test-taking strategies. An on screen calculator is one of the new features. New types of questions in the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative reasoning sections, many featuring real-life scenarios that reflect the kind of thinking required for graduate and business school programs. GRE revised General Test features a new score scale that can make it easier for schools to compare scores with that of other candidates. If a student need scores before November 2011, he can take current GRE before August 2011.But if he need scores after November2011 he must take revised test.Inorder to promote the students to register for GRE generalized test, ETS- Educational Testing Services who conduct the examination announced an exclusive offer. If a student takes test between August 1 and September 30, 2011 he can save 50% on their test fee. He can register as soon as registration opens for the GRE revised General Test on March 15, 2011, since seats will fill up quickly during this special discount period and scores will be sent by mid-November 2011.
Recent decision taken by Educational Testing Service (ETS) to accept GRE scores for admission to Business schools will be beneficial to Indian students who opt for Management programme abroad. Previously if a student intends to do post graduation in their respective field say MS programme, he has to complete GRE with better scores. If he is interested to join for MBA programme abroad he has to complete GMAT (Graduate Management Aptitude Test). Recently ETS has developed a comparative tool, which can predict GMAT scores from GRE general test scores. It has been developed in response to the requests received from students and educational institutions. Both GRE and GMAT will give equal importance to verbal and quantitative reasoning skills of the students. So the recent decision is really a boom for Asian students who are more interested to pursue MBA from abroad. Moreover they can save the money for writing GMAT. This paves the way for applying a student for either MS or MBA programme. More than 150 business schools in USA, UK and Canada are ready to accept GRE scores for the admission process. It is mandatory for the student to complete English proficiency examinations like IELTS/TOEFL for study abroad programme.
Fee for GRE generalized test will be 190 US dollars. For rescheduling and changing test centre 50 dollars each are required.
GRE Exam Registration
1. ETS ( Educational Testing Service) conducts GRE Exam
2. Use ETS GRE website as main source of information
3. Get complete understanding of what is required to register for the GRE Test.
4. Make sure you have all the required documents even before registering the GRE Exam.
5. While booking make sure you give the name as given in your passport.
6. Don’t register for GRE if you don’t have Surname (or last name) in the passport.
7. Add last name in your passport, then register for GRE Exam.
8. Find out payment options available and use the option (Credit/Debit Cards, Check, Money Order, Western Union,) that is convenient to you.
9. Plan well in advance, so you don’t make any mistakes.
10. You can talk to Regional Registration Center in your country for additional information on GRE Exam process.

Engineering, Healthcare,Infrastructure, Hospitality and Telecom Sectors-Better scope ahead

Emerging trends in Placement
Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan
Usually economic status of a country is rated based upon GDP, rate of inflation and other economic matrices. But country’s economic status and placement situation can also be judged by the placement scenes at the premier educational institutions. Recently held Placement in the premier B Schools of the country like IIMs were like IPL auction sales! Candidates were given placement offers with very attractive pay packages.

Placement situation in the country during 2010-11 is very bright. Even though during economic recession, there was a reduction in increment levels from 13.3% to 6.6 % during 2008, the current situation is entirely different. All private and PSUs are eagerly started recruiting skilled and talented professionals for augmenting production. During the pre- recession period, campus recruitment was around 65 percent in IT and ITeS sectors. But during recession it had come down to 25 percent and increment level reduced from 13.3% to 6.6 % during 2008. Now it started moving up and the campus recruitment is around 40 percent in the country. Average increment level expected during 2010-11 will be 10.6 %.

Some of the potential areas are Banking, Financial Services, Insurance, Education, Training, Consultancy, Health care, Hospitality, Tourism, Travel, IT, ITeS, Real estate, Construction, Trade, Transport, Manufacturing, Energy, Automotives, FMCG, Engineering, Procurement, Retail industry and Agribusiness.

Research studies done by different HR services research agencies like MAFOI, NASSCOM, ASSOCHAM, CRISIL, Deutsche bank and Hewitt revealed that Indian career market will exhibit quantum jump and by 2020 there will be spectacular changes in key sectors like energy, infrastructure, pharmaceuticals, project engineering, telecom, IT, ITeS, Engineering services, Banking, Financial Services, Insurance, Healthcare, Agribusiness, Manufacturing, Hospitality, Trade, Tourism and transport.


Some of the salient features in different sectors are as follows.
Energy
(Oil, Gas, Coal & Power)
India has acquired the status of 5th largest power generation capacity in world. Oil and gas requirement will be expected to increase from 186.54 million tones during 2010-11to 253.58 million tones during 2011-12. Expected investment within the next 5 years will be around Rs7.5 lakh Crore rupees.
There is huge demand for skilled workers in the Oil and Gas industry. Since stiff competition is occurring between Private and PSU units, PSUs are aggressively started revising their HR policies.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is one of the sectors least affected during recession. 450$US Billion investment will be expected to reach the country by 2012.Ports, Highways, airports and other amenities are the basic drive behind this growth.

Project engineering
Global engineering services Outsourcing market will reach 150-215 US Billion $ by 2020. Of which India’s share will increase from 12% to 25%-30% by 2020. Engineering sector will become the biggest sector after IT and ITeS in the country.
Pharmaceuticals
By 2015 Indian Pharmaceutical industry will reach 20Billion US$ turnover. There is very good potential for generic drug market in the country. Indian Pharma industry employs quality manpower and excels from low cost of production, world class technology and research.
Retail industry
India ranks fifth largest retail industry in the world. By 2012-2013 turnover will reach 573 billion US$ from 405 billion US$(2010-11). Increase in standard of living creates spectrum of opportunities in the retail industry. FDI and subsequent development in the retail industry will seek more man power from Tier 1 and 2 cities.
Telecom
India is the third largest country in Telecom sector globally after China and USA. Country’s mobile subscribers will be around 5 % of the world market by 2013-14.Rural penetration coupled with 3G technology and competition will facilitate better career prospects in this sector.
Banking, Finance and Insurance
Public sector banks are trying to open overseas markets. Government of India started permitting private companies to start banks in the country. Some of the potential areas are Asset management, Broking, Investment and Insurance. All Public and private sector banks require skilled professionals in the areas of finance, banking, marketing and HRD managent.
Education, Training and Consultancy
As a sequele to globalization, global village concept is acquiring momentum in the country. Education, training and Consultancy are some of the key sectors which can drive more employment in the country. These sectors are expected to create 97000 jobs during 2010-2011.Educational consultancy services are acquiring more importance in the country. During the post recession period companies are more keen to recruit talented professionals in the financial sector. Moreover the bill to permit foreign educational institutions to start campuses in India is in the final phase.
Hospitality and Travel
This is one of the fastest growing segments in the world. Four percent reduction in turnover was recorded in Hospitality and travel during 2009 in the country. But during 2005-10 this sector had exhibited 13% growth. Five star hotels and real estate business further augment growth in these sectors.

Expected Salary hike for different sectors during the year 2010-11 are as follows.
Manufacturing-12.8%, Services-12.1%, Telecom-12.2% and Hospitality-12.7%.
India has higher rate of career prospects of +39%; whereas countries like Barazil+38%, Australia +22% and Singapore+20%
Twelve fastest growing jobs projected up to 2018 by US Bureau for labor statistics are Biomedical engineers, Network systems and data communication analysts, financial examiners, medical scientists except epidemiologists, Physician assistants, Biochemists and biophysicists, Veterinarians, Athletic trainers, Computer software engineers, applications, system software, food technologists and Environmental engineers

US Bureau for labor statistics has published projected employment in engineering jobs in USA. They are Engineers-11%, Aerospace engineers-10%, Agricultural engineers-12%, Biomedical engineers-72%, Chemical engineers— -2%, Civil engineers-24%, Environmental engineers-31%, Industrial engineers-health & safety-14%, Marine engineers-14%, Mining and geological engineers-15%, Nuclear engineers-11%, Petroleum engineers-18% and for other engineers-7%.

Emerging Trends in Career market

TOP TRENDY COURSES
Dr.T.P.Sethumadhavan*
Emerging trends in job market

Impact of Globalization and quantum jump in information and communication technologies (ICT) has paved the way for emerging prospective courses with immense job potential. Recent findings reveal that this trend is gradually replacing the traditional sector. Study conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) revealed that information technology (IT), IT enabled sectors (IteS), Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO), Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO), Aviation, Hospitality, Retail, Entertainment and Brokerages are some of the prospective areas. Study on ‘job opportunities in the emerging sectors’, named as ASSOCHAM Business Barometer (ABB) revealed that IT and IteS would be the most potential areas in the years to come. The study predicted that by 2010 IT &IteS and BPO sectors require 50 lakh and 23 lakh professionals respectively. KPO and LPO are emerging as the most lucrative areas with a predicted career potential of 2.5 lakh and 79000 each by 2010. Moreover European Union is emerging as one of the potential market for BPO and KPO. The study assessed the potential in animation and entertainment sectors.
KPMG studies revealed that KPO i.e., Knowledge process outsourcing in financial services is expected to be worth 5 billion US dollars by 2010. It may be due to the success in off shoring business operations. India is expected to remain a preferred location for KPO activity in future. Lack of talent pool, requirement of high-level control, confidentiality and high-level control and enhanced risk management are some of the limitations in this sector. Process complexities, higher billing rates and skilled resource requirements differentiate KPO from BPO. Communication skill and English proficiency are the main criteria for getting better positions in BPO sectors. Technocrats and professionals can work in the KPO sector. LPO is one of the lucrative areas for law graduates.

As economic recession reduces globally, trends in career sector is gradually changing day by day. Some of the potential areas in educational and career sector which have shown spectacular growth have been replaced by new emerging sectors. During the pre- recession period, campus recruitment was around 65 percent. But during the acute recession period of 2008-2009 it declined up to 20 percent. But it has been picking up momentum and it is expected that as 2010 advances further it may reach up to 40 percent in the country.

1. Engineering – India rank fourth in telecommunication sector after Japan, China and South Korea. By 2012 this sector will exhibit spectacular growth and create immense job opportunities in India. This will be reflected in the information technology sector also. Taking in to account the emerging technologies like 3G, 4G & 5G and opportunities in the telecom sector, electronics, electronics and communication, electrical and electronics and Information Technology will have more potential during the coming years. Nanotechnology, Mechatronics and Bioinformatics are emerging as the promising technological areas within the country and abroad. BTech graduates can join for MS in mechatronics or Nanotechnology abroad which are having more research and career prospects. Biomedical science; Bioinformatics, electronics & communication, Mechanical engineering, Dairy technology, Environmental engineering, Maritime engineering and Fashion technology are emerging as the major placement oriented courses. In United States Biomedical engineering is having more careers potential since more than 50 percent vacancies of biomedical engineers exist in the country. Civil, Architecture and Chemical engineering graduates can pursue post graduation abroad for better placements. By 2012 ecofriendly technologies will acquire momentum in the country. As part of popularizing green technologies, chemical engineering may emerge as one of the potential sectors, which can assist in developing ecofriendly pollution control measures.

A student who has got more than 50 percent marks in the plus two examinations with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics subjects are eligible for appearing common engineering entrance examination offered by state entrance commissioner, Government of Kerala.
Biomedical science, IT, Computer Science, Mechanical, Electronics, Nanotechnology and Communication Engineering
· www.cee-kerala.org
· www.aieee.nic.in
· www.ccb.nic.in
· www.cusat.nic.in
· www.admissions.manipal.edu
· www.bitsadmission.edu
·
Biomedical engineering-
In India, biomedical engineering is available at the masters and doctoral levels at IIT Mumbai. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 (UP).
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031 (Rajasthan) offer an M.Tech in biomedical engineering.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.Website:www.aiims.ac.in
Binaries Hindu University Institute of Technology Varanasi-221005,UttarPradesh Website: www.itbhu.ac.in
JadavpurUniversity Jupiter Building, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal Tel.:033-24146129 E-mail: samar.bhattacharya@debesh.wb.nic.in
DwarkadasJ.SanghviCollegeofEngineering Mumbai-400056, Maharashtra.
Nano technology
Integrated Btech/Mtech- Amity Institute of Nano Technology, E-27, Defence colony, New Delhi-24
www.amity.edu
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Indian institute of Technology- Kanpur, Chennai, Gwahatti, Delhi, Mumbai
National Physical Lab, New Delhi
National Physical Lab, Pune
Defence Research and Development Organization, Kanpur
National Institute of Pharmaceutical education and Research, Mohali, Punjab
Central Scientific Instruments organization, Chandighad
National Institute of Technology, Kozhikkode
Jawaharlal Nehru Center for advanced Scientific research, Bangalore
Amrita center for Nano Sciences, Amrita institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi-26
Koch University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22
www.cusat.ac.in
www.rft.com
www.nanotechmarketplace.com
www.gatech.edu/nanotech
www.nsti.org

2. Mechatronics
Mechatronics is emerging as one of the integrated new generation courses having enough careers potential within the country and abroad. This is a combination of mechanical engineering, electrical & electronics, computer engineering, systems engineering and control engineering. It is also called Robotic science. Mechatronics has wide applications in Robotics, Nanotechnology, automation, aircraft engineering, biomedical systems and computer-aided design. Biomechatronics is a branch of Mechatronics having electronics, mechatronics and biology as the different fields of study. Taking in to account the emerging opportunities in the telecom sector, Nanotechnology and Mechatronics is emerging as the promising technological areas.

Even though mechatronics courses have got wide popularity in Canada, United States and UK, in India it is in the primitive stage. All industrial employers are trying to reduce the number of employees. Their objectives are to increase production, productivity and profitability. They prefer mechatronics engineers to reduce one-third work force of engineering staff. Number of institutions offering mechatronics course is comparatively less in India. There are only very few institutions offering BTech and MTech mechatronics programmes.

Being the four-year graduate programme, engineering students can directly apply for postgraduate programmes in Mechatronics abroad. MS Mechatronics is the most established and successful specialist programme in UK, which will substantially enhance career prospects of students. It is of one-year duration under full-time programme. In United States MS Mechatronics course is of two years duration.
Prospects
Any graduate from an electrical/electronic, mechanical, computer/software engineering or physical science discipline that will be looking to integrate his subject knowledge to develop an interdisciplinary approach to problem solving and engineering product development can join this programme.
This advanced programmes like MS, MTech and PhD programmes offered by different universities of United States, UK and Canada focus on enabling students to become proficient in communicating across a range of different disciplines. This ensures that student’s communication skills with people of other disciplines become an integral core competency.
After completing the above courses, students will have been exposed to:
Comprehensive coverage of a broad range of engineering disciplines
An enhanced knowledge base with which to solve multidisciplinary mechatronics problems
The skills required for applying a mechatronic approach to the solution of a technological problem.
Career options

After completing the post graduate programme in mechatronics, career opportunities include positions such as a systems engineer, application engineer, product development engineer or any engineering role that requires competence in understanding interdisciplinary issues with insights.
Successful completion of the programme should also provide you with a foundation for a senior project management role in product development in industrial sectors such as automation systems, automotive engineering, aerospace, shipping or hardware/software development.

Entry requirements
Applicants for Diploma/BTech course must have completed plus two Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics with minimum 50 percent marks
Applicants for postgraduate programmes in Mechatronics are required to have completed B Tech or the equivalent of a post graduate degree in a relevant discipline. Students without academic qualifications but with extensive industry experience will be considered on an individual basis.
For applicants for whom English is not their first language, an IELTS score of 6.0 or equivalent is necessary in Canada, UK and North American Universities. For other American universities, students must have completed TOEFL and GRE examinations with better score.
Mechatronics Courses within the country and Abroad

Three-year diploma programmes at NTTF, Coimbatore, Dharwad, Thoothukkudy, Jamshedpur and Gopalpur (Orissa). www.nttfrg.com
B.E, M.E Mechatronics at Kongu engineering college, Erode –www.kongu.ac.in
Thyagarajar college of Engineering, Madhura –www.tce.edu
Manipal institute of Technology-www.manipal.edu
Madras institute of Technology-www.mitindia.edu
Velloor institute of Technology-www.vit.ac.in
National University of Singapore. www.nus.edu.sg
University of Glasgow, UK
University of Plymouth, UK
California state university, USA.www.em.csuchico.edu
Texas state university, USA. www.Harlingen.tstc.edu
North Carolina university, USA
17 Universities in United States are offering Mechatronics course.
Universities in Australia- Western Australia, New South Wales, Queens land, Victoria and South Australia.

3. Nursing- Globally nursing has emerged as one of the key areas generating more employment. Almost all countries are facing scarcity for nurses. Developed countries face difficulty in meeting the ever-growing demand for nurses. Since the demand gap is very high, Indian nursing schools can exploit this situation. International Council for Nurses (ICN) and Florence Nightingale International Foundation has revealed that developing countries can play a key role in reducing this global problem. Potential for nurses are more in USA, England, Canada, NewZeland, Ireland, Switzerland, Scotland, Australia, Wales and in certain African countries.

Graduate Nurses are more in demand than diploma holders. An English proficiency examination like IELTS/TOEFL with better score is essential for career abroad. Moreover nursing diploma holders has to complete CGFNS examination.
CGFNS-Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools is an internationally recognized agency involved in assessing the education, registration and licensing of nurses and doctors. CGFNS is regularly conducting CGFNS qualifying examination for recruiting nurses abroad. It will assess the nursing knowledge and English proficiency in three stages. In the first stage, CGFNS will assess whether the General nursing course is accredited or not? In the second stage nursing knowledge will be assessed through two nursing proficiency tests. (Part I & part II). In the third phase English proficiency will be assessed either through TOEFL/ IELTS. Nursing proficiency test will cover the topics like Behaviour, integumentary system, biochemistry, circulation, diabetes, gastro intestinal system, anatomy, nutrition, pharmacology, lymphatic system, nervous system, reproduction, respiration, syndromes and urinary system. BSc Nursing graduates has to write only CGFNS English proficiency test.
Minimum requirement- IELTS-6.5 band/ TOEFL / CBT-207/Paper based test-540.
For details visit the web sites-
www.cgfns.org
www.testpreview.com/cgfns
International Center on Nurse Migration (ICN) is an agency that assists nurses’ recruitment. For more details visit the website www.intlnursemigration.org

Students who completed BSc Nursing course can join MS and PhD in United States after clearing GRE and TOEFL. Palliative care, child health and nursing management are emerging areas. Moreover they can join for MBA programme in nursing management or Hospital management in UK after successfully completing GMAT and IELTS.
Points to be remembered-
· Select only accredited nursing schools
· Give more emphasis to English proficiency and communication
· Rely on recognized recruiting agencies

Any student who has got more than 50 percent marks in the plus two examinations with Physics, Chemistry and Biology are eligible for appearing common engineering and Medical entrance examination offered by state entrance commissioner, government of Kerala.

76 Nursing colleges in Kerala. Approved by Registrar, Kerala state nursing council, Trivandrum-38
www.indiannursingcouncil.co.in
www.ignou.ac.in
www.intlnursemigration.org
www.cgfns.org


4. Fashion technology- Fashion technology is emerging as one of the lucrative employment ventures in the country. There are better opportunities for diploma and degree holders in this sector. Quantum jump in Apparel industry, designing and modeling has paved the way for fashion technology experts to perform well in this sector. National institute of fashion technology offers BFTech course which is having umpteen opportunities within the country and abroad.

BA (Hons) in Fashion design offered by many universities in UK universities develops traditional skills alongside new technologies in design and manufacture. The focus is towards individual development; aesthetic and practical skills combined with a contextual awareness of cultural and market issues.
Course content
All students progress through three ‘Levels’, each level corresponding to one year of full-time study. Students are expected to interrelate and as appropriate, integrate areas of the programme in ways which they see as particularly suitable for their own developing fashion design philosophy. The course incorporates a plan of integrated study and problem solving assignments across the course modules. Emphasis is placed on students taking responsibility for the development of their own learning. Field work may include ‘live’ sponsored projects, involvements in staging and promotion of fashion shows, national competitions and work placements.
A student who has got more than 50 percent marks in the plus two examinations with any group of subjects are eligible for appearing national level entrance examination offered by National Institute of Fashion Technology. Any under graduate student in India can join for graduate courses in fashion designing and technology abroad.
Bachelor in Fashion Technology
National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Kannur
www.niftindia.com
5. Tourism & Hospitality Management
Recent study conducted by one of the leading HRD advisors in the country MAFOI revealed that ten lakh new jobs would be created in the country. It will be in the areas of Hotel and Hospitality management. By 2011 around 40 international hotels will come up in the country.
The tourism and hospitality sectors form one of the dominant industries of the 21st century. They provide more than 10% of total world employment, with up to 25% of all employment in areas such as the Caribbean. It has been estimated that, by 2010, more than 100 million people worldwide will be employed in this industry. The nature of tourism and hospitality is continually developing in scope and direction, away from traditional activities, such as the sun, sea and sand holiday, to a wide range of new activities including cultural tourism, adventure tourism and eco tourism.

Given the potential for interesting and rewarding careers, many people are looking for suitable programmes which will help prepare them for management positions within tourism and hospitality.
Master’s level programme is useful to
· those who have completed a degree course in a subject other than tourism or hospitality and have significant and appropriate management experience, but are looking for ways of getting employment in the industry
· those who have a suitable first degree qualification in hospitality or tourism, or have significant and appropriate management experience within tourism or hospitality and who wish to develop themselves to a higher level or seek a more senior position in the industry
Tourism & Hospitality Management programme is aimed at future managers within the tourism and hospitality sectors who wish to develop a strategic perspective while enhancing their management skills. Working in the world of Hospitality and Tourism offers many exciting and dynamic career opportunities in an industry that is rapidly expanding on a global scale employing people worldwide. The hospitality and Tourism programme provides a route to employment in the world’s largest service industry.
BSc Hotel management- 26 Centers in India

Institute of Hotel management and catering Technology, G.V.Raja Road, Kovalam, Trivandrum

KITTS

KITTS, Residency Compound, Thycaud, Trivandrum-14
www.kittstour.org
BHM- Army Institute of Hotel management and Catering Technology, Bangalore-1. www.aihmctbangalore.com
BHM-4 years
&
BHM-MBA-5 years integrated course. Manipal university, Manipal, Karnataka
www.admissions.manipal.edu

BA- Hotel management, Tourism, Event Management-4 years each
Institute of Hotel Management, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad
St.John’s College of Hotel Management, Bangalore
Srinivas College of Hotel Management, Mangalore
Saptagiri College of Hotel management, Kovoor, Mangalore
Madurai Kamaraj University College, Madurai
PSG college of Arts and Science, Coumbatore
Sarosh Institute of Hotel Administration, Mangalore
Garden City College, Indira Nagar, Bangalore
www.ihma.ac.in
Open university courses-www.ignou.ac.in

6. Agri business Management
Agribusiness management is one of the courses having more career potential in the country. Commercialization of agriculture and allied activities pave way for experts in Agri Business Management to acquire better jobs in this sector. Any Agriculture and allied science graduates like veterinary science, fisheries science, dairy science, and forestry can join for the post graduate agribusiness management courses. Supply chain management is also one of career oriented courses. Selection process is through written test and interview. National institute of Extension management, Hyderabad is one of pioneering institute offering post graduate programme in Agribusiness management and supply chain management.
1. MANAGE- National institute of Extension Management, Rajendra nagar, Hyderabad
www.manage.gov.in
2. Institute of Agri Business management, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan
www.iabmbikaner.org
3. College of Co-operation and Banking, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur
www.kaumba.com
4. Indian institute of management, Ahmedabad
www.iimahd.ernet.in
5. Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat
6. www.xlri.edu
7. www.iimk.ac.in
8. College of Agribusiness management, GB Pant university of Agricultural Technology, Pantnagar
www.cabm.ac.in
9. www.xlri.edu

7. Maritime courses- Maritime courses especially BTech maritime engineering is having better opportunities now a days. Attractive pay and allowances make this sector more lucrative. BTech in Maritime engineering is a four years degree programme having immense career potential within the country and abroad. Foreign shipping companies are offering attractive remunerative packages for marine engineering graduates. Moreover diploma and one year certificate programmes in maritime courses are available in the country. Graduates can apply for the two year shipping management courses. Before selecting a maritime institute, assure that it must be accreditated by Director General of Shipping, Government of India.
A student who has got more than 50 percent marks in the plus two examinations with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics subjects are eligible for appearing entrance examination for BTech Maritime courses.
T.S.Chanakya, Navi Mumbai
Meri Kolkata, Kolkata-70. www.merical.ac.in
Meri Mumbai, Marine Engineering Research Institute, Mumbai-23
Tolani Maritime Institute, Pune. www.tolani.edu
www.rlinstitute.com
www.cochinshipyard.com

8.
2. Management courses within the country and abroad- Management experts with MBA will get better options within the country and abroad. Students while joining for MBA programme in selected business schools try to identify some of the emerging sectors like retail management, Insurance, Telecom, Banking, IT, Agribusiness and supply chain management. More professionals are interested to take MBA from abroad. Recent findings reveal that 69.4 percent of the candidates are interested to take MBA to improve their career prospects. 53.3 percent’s objective is to learn new skills. 41.1 percent are interested to study MBA to build professional network. 26.9 percent candidate’s aim is to get better salary after completing MBA. 22 percent candidates are interested to take MBA as part of their education, whereas 23.89 percent candidate’s aim is to start their own business.
As a result of booming interest in MBAs among non-business people, after completing MBA programmes from abroad they tend to diverge their activities in to business related areas. Globally information technology, engineering, consultancy, financial services, banking, industry, consumer products, telecommunications, accounting and retail are the major employment sectors for MBA respondents. Moreover 18 percent of the respondents in the employed category are interested to study MBA. 14.1 percent MBA holders are working in the IT& ITeS areas. Business schools from abroad offer specialized MBA programme catering the need for professionals. Like MBA programmes for lawyers, engineers, doctors, etc. Moreover dual MBAs are available in different disciplines. 34 percent of the MBA aspirants reveal that career change is their major motivation to pursue MBA from abroad.
MBA from UK-Ratings and requirements
Recent findings reveal that Indian students are more interested to join MBA in UK. But they are having apprehension about the ratings of the MBA programme conducted by different business schools. Of the 12,0000 students graduating from programmes in UK each year, fifty-four per cent are graduated from the thirty-six programmes accredited by AMBA. Accredited courses are listed in the website www.mba.org.uk. Association of MBAs (AMBA) in UK suggests that there is no 'top business school', but rather a student can choose the best school’. The Association has major concerns about business school and MBA programme rankings. The methodology and criteria used vary widely across surveys and with variety of programmes like full-time, part-time, distance learning, modular, etc. Those schools that regularly feature in published rankings are likely to be good providers, but do not pay too much attention to their position at anyone time. Always monitor MBA programme accreditation as an indicator of quality and discuss with school authorities and its MBA alumni about their experiences and achievements. The Higher Education Funding Councils (HEFCE) assesses departments on teaching and research through continuous procedures and their ratings are available.
Teaching Quality Assessment (TQA) exercise focuses on the quality of teaching and learning in specific subjects. Six different aspects of course provision and management is graded on a five-point scale from unsatisfactory to excellent. There is maximum score of 24 points for any subject reviewed. Higher the score, the course is considered to be more effective. For further information visit http://www.qaa.ac.uk/revreps/reviewreports.htm
To judge the quality of research, the funding bodies will conduct an UK-wide Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) in every five years. The RAE uses a process of 'peer review', where distinguished academics in a particular subject including international academics review the quality of the work of their fellow researchers. For further information visit http://www.hero.ac.uk/rae/index.htm
Self-assessment
UK offers wide range of MBA programmes than any other country. So a student needs to search thoroughly to find the best business school. British council has formulated series of questionnaires to help the students in this regard. Ask employers in India and alumni which schools they respect? Do you want a 'specialist' MBA or a general MBA with electives in certain subjects? Consider whether you are looking for an international career? Or seeking a better understanding of the dynamics of your firm, which will affect the type of the course you choose? Is it important for you to study on a programme with an international faculty and students? Think about the size and culture of the school, the content of its programme, the facilities it offers and whether you would like to live and study there. If you need to combine work and study, distance learning is the best option.
Once you have reviewed the above parameters you can search for courses on: www.educationuk.org and www.mba.org.uk

1. Always ask the institution how their MBA is priced.
2. Apply early - overseas candidates should make sure that their application is with the institution well before the closing date.
3. You should confirm whether they require GMAT? If they do, try to take the test by March of the proposed year of entry, and register as early as possible.
Visit the local British Council office or website www.mba.org.uk for advice.
Eligibility criteria
A degree or its professional equivalent, at least three years' managerial work experience, GMAT/GRE score of at least 500 for full-time IELTS band of 6.5 or a TOEFL score of at least 600 are the entrance requirements for MBA programme.
Institutions want to know that you have not only fulfilled all these conditions, but have excelled in them. Your personal characteristics are also important, and an academic reference and several essays may also be asked for. The assessment will be a thorough process. You will be interviewed, sometimes be done in India, or will be conducted over the telephone.
Thorough homework for the interview
If you have a face-to-face interview, just as in a job interview, remember that professional appearance and punctuality make first impression the best. Admissions Officers will also ask your motivation for pursuing an MBA. An MBA is a big investment, and it is important to ensure that the candidate is pursuing an MBA for the right reasons. It is worth preparing some questions to ask the interviewer to show that you have done your homework. The interview is a reflection of how you will participate in lectures and case study discussions.
In some cases, Admissions Officers are unable to conduct personal interviews with Indian candidates so the application form is the only means of assessing candidates' motivation and abilities. An MBA demands a high degree of effort and commitment. Solid credentials, good work experience, or even sound academic achievements do not outweigh an application that is poorly presented. Admissions Officers will be questioning the motivation of someone who has not taken the time and effort to complete their form carefully. Initially write a draft version so that the final version is perfect in all respect. Application essays enable evaluation of the candidate’s ability to communicate their thoughts in clear, concise manner. Improperly prepared essays show that candidate hasn't put much time or thought into the application. Extra-curricular activities, such as voluntary work can strengthen an application. Moreover include achievements that demonstrate your integrity, motivation, leadership, creativity and teamwork skills.
A reference letter from a senior manager, particularly from a well-known organization, is desirable. However, Admissions Officers recognize that many talented applicants work in a family business, or small firms. Successful candidates are those who have the drive, capacity for hard work, along with teamwork, communication and analytical skills that can help them to reach higher posts after completing the programme.
MBA Abroad-Prospects & Processes
Why more students are interested in taking MBA from UK?
Duration of the course is only one year. More number of accredited schools are in UK. In USA duration of the course is nearly 18 months. So educational cost for MBA programme in UK is much cheaper than USA. UK institutions excel in reputation, best faculty and specialization.
MBA can be classic General MBA or a specialist qualification in the respective field. It can be completed either via full time or distance learning programme. General MBA includes specialization in marketing management, financial management, computer management and Human resource management. Some of the specialization programmes include Engineering management, Agri business, Retail management, Supply chain management, Automotive management, Sports management, Production management, Insurance management, Transport management, and Telecommunication management.

While selecting business schools for MBA programme take in to consideration the following checklists.
Best school should be selected. Check whether the course is accredited by association of MBAs-AMBA. They will list the accredited courses and rank them accordingly. For details- www. mba.org.uk

Verify the teaching quality assessment reports for quality of education- www.qaa.ac.uk/revreps/reviewreports.htm

To judge the quality of research, visit the website-www.hero.ac.uk/rae/index.htm

Decide whether you need General or specialist MBA

Cost of education

Prospects for getting Financial aid- Scholarship, Assistantship, Fellowship, etc

Facilities for doing part time work to meet the educational expenses.

Facilities for distance learning programme

www.educationuk-in.org

Entrance requirements-
An Honors degree or professional equivalent. Candidate must complete minimum 4-year professional degree programme/post graduate programme from India.
At least 3 years managerial work experience. This is not mandatory in all business schools. In USA 6months-onyear experienced candidates are also preferred.
A GMAT/GRE score of around 500
TOEFL score of 600 for USA and IELTS 6.5 band level for UK

GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test)- It is a computer adaptive test mandatory for advanced study in business and management. All business schools will assess the GMAT score of the candidate before giving admission to MBA programmes.
It measures student’s general, verbal, analytical, mathematical and problem solving skills. The quantitative sections of the test measure basic mathematical, analytical and problem solving skill of the student. GMAT consists of seven subdivisions each containing multiple-choice questions. Total testing time is three hours and 30 minutes that is held six days a week for three weeks every month. Score validity is 5 years.
For more details-www.gmat.org
E mail- gmat@ets.org and Candidate services apac@pearson.com

Average MBA salaries across the world reveals that candidates with MBA from abroad get more salary when compared to those who completed MBA from Asian countries. Average MBA salaries in UK are 108372 US dollars, whereas in India it is less than 25000 US dollars. In Canada and US it is 89540 US dollars and the global average salary is 84628US dollars. In China it is 36307 US dollars.

Compared to MBA from India, foreign MBA is costly. But it rewards in the form of better career prospects and management skills. There is no restriction for age in this sector. But experience is vital for pursuing MBA from abroad. Different modes of financial aid like scholarship, assistantship, fellowship and part time works are available to meet the increasing financial needs. A candidate can complete MBA within one year from UK. Whereas from United States it will take minimum 18 months. But research MBA in UK requires two years.

Major requirements for joining MBA programmes abroad are TOEFL/IELTS and GMAT/GRE scores. Valid Indian passport, work experience, certificates and mark sheets of the qualifying examinations and evidence for financial aid are the major requisites for applying MBA programmes abroad.

Best B Schools in US

Even though there is great potential for MBA from United States, there is an apprehension among students and parents about the best business schools in the country. Ivy League is a group of eight universities with business schools located in the northeastern part of United States, which are prestigious in terms of faculty, curriculum, specialization, environment and placements. They include Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University and Yale University. University of Chicago, University of Stanford, New York University (Stern), University of North Carolina and Emory University has renowned business schools. Michigan State University, University of Illinois, Texas A& M University and University Colorado has business schools with specializations in Leadership, HRD, Supply chain, Consulting and accounting. Stanford university’s business school has a curriculum with a choice of electives to suit students back ground and goals. Darden Business School of Virginia University has good ranking and popularity in US. Toronto and Western Ontario are the best B schools in Canada.
Top Management Institutes in India:
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM A) - A top-notch B-School in Asia, IIM A provides you with Doctoral Programs, programs equivalent to MBA, and courses for the Executive and those for the teachers.
Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta (IIM C) - You can acquire Post Graduate Diploma in Management, Computer Aided Management or Management for Visionary Leaders for Manufacturing at this institute in Kolkata. Besides the Doctoral program, it also offers part-time programs for the Executives.
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore (IIM B) - There are Open programs, Customized programs as well as International programs for Management professional. You can study a post graduate program in Management, Software Enterprise Management or Public Policy and Management here.
Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow (IIM L) - This Management institute offers Post Graduate Program for both Management students and working professionals.
Xavier Labour Relations Institute, Jamshedpur- XLRI provides you with the scope to pursue a PG diploma in Business administration or Personnel Management and Industrial Relations. It also offers Fellow Program, Satellite Programs and International Student Exchange program.
Indian School of Business, Hyderabad- Several MBA aspirants apply for the Post Graduate Programme in Management here. ISB also offers a Pre-doctoral program as well as Executive Education.
Indian Institute of Management, Indore (IIM I) - IIM I offers a Management Development Programme, an Executive Post-Graduate Programme as well as a Post-Graduate Programme in Management. There are also management program for Defense officers and Fellow programs.
Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode- Candidates can choose from Post-graduate Programme in Management, Fellow Program or Management Development Programs offered here. You can also apply in the programs meant for the working Executives and the faculties.
Management Development Institute, Gurgaon- You can pursue specialized Management programs, Executive programs or even Fellow programs here, according to your needs.
SP Jain Institute of Management & Research, Mumbai- It is considered one of the top Management Colleges in India. It offers several programs either for PGD course, Executive Education or short term.
9. Animation- BBC predicts that among Asian countries, India has immense potentials in animation sector. This will facilitate recruitment of animation experts in the coming years. Animation design, web designing, computer graphics, multi media and digital media production are some of the promising areas in animation sector. There is enough potential for animation diploma and degree holders in India and Middle East.
Animation courses are mostly customized in nature. There are different types of certificate, diploma and degree programmes in Animation. Students can do animation courses after plus two, degree or post graduation. Post diploma programmes are also available.

National institute of design, Paldi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-7. www.academic@nid.edu
Industrial design center, IIT, Mumbai-76. www.iitb.ac.in
Industrial college of Animation and Technology, Mumbai-101. www.mumbai@icaat.in
ANTS-animation training School, Basaveswara Nagar, Bangaloe-79
www.animaster.com
www.antsindia.com
Animation University, Sadasivanagar, Bangalore-20
Image college of Art, animation and Technology, Chennai-4
ZICA-Zed institute of creative arts, Mumbai-1
www.iacg.info
www.gnaedu.in
www.caddcentre.co.in
www.geckoindia.com
National institute of design, Paldi, Ahmedabad-7.
www.nid.edu
www.hyperstudy.com
www.cis..unisa.au/undergraduateprograms

10..Bioinformatics & Biotechnology- The exciting world of bioinformatics is a fast growing, popular and challenging area, offering many lucrative job opportunities both in biology and medicine related fields and in the information technology sector. Highly qualified and professional people in this field are in high demand. This leading edge, internationally-recognized course is designed to provide a bridge for those talented students with backgrounds in information technology and biology to cross over their existing disciplines and come into this exciting new field.
Through exposure to bioinformatics, the principles of sequence and genome analysis and the development of bioinformatics software, databases and graphics, students will improve their understanding of biology, computing and their combination in bioinformatics. There is better scope for professionals in Bioinformatics and Biotechnology sector in India, Canada and United States. They can work in R&D units of Pharmaceutical and biotech companies. Plant biotechnology, vaccine production, veterinary biotechnology and pharmaceuticals are some of the promising areas coming under bioinformatics and biotechnology.


BTech- Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Thambaram, Chennai-79
SRM institute of science and technology, SRM Nagar, Kattenkulathur, Kanchipuaram Dist
VIT university, Vellur, TN
Amritha School of Biotechnology, Amrithapuri, Kollam-25



11. Gemology- Gemology is the study of gemstones. Gemstones are the symbols of wealth, power, healing, and love. They are desired for their beauty, rarity, value, durability, tradition and portability. It is a branch of mineralogy that is concerned with the study of gem materials, including identification and testing methods, cutting and polishing synthetically manufactured gems, precious metals and alloys, their sources and origins and grading and appraising. Those interested in possessing gems for their value should have an idea of Gemology to distinguish one gem from another
The first step in learning about gems is its categorization. The next step is to learn the terminology of gemstones and then their physical and optical properties, and how those properties are used to identify gems. After getting the background one can proceed into gem identification. Studies relating to this field are gem cutting, sorting, grading, valuation and identification of gemstones, fashion, computer pattern designing, jewellery making, consultancy regarding stones, selling etc.
While Gemologists study the quality, characteristics and value of gemstones, Jewelers typically do the handiwork required to produce a piece of Jewellery. Gemologists identify the gems and advise the jeweler about the compatibility of gems to particular metals. In Jewellery, identification is one of the key elements of business. Some rubies and garnets sometimes look alike, but their values are considerably different, only Gemologists can easily identify the difference and know its physical characteristic and value.
In India the Gems & Jewellery scenario is undergoing a positive change with diamonds and stones like Tanzanite, Tourmalines, Peridots dominating the consumer preference. At the same time traditionally preferred Gems like Rubies, Sapphires and Emeralds have maintained a consistent position. From the trade point of view Gems & Jewellery has been one of the biggest foreign exchange earners for India. It is therefore, highly necessary that people associated with the trade, receive training and carry out the operations scientifically and professionally so as to achieve greater success. There is a shortage of trained professionals in the industry and the new courses would cater the increasing demands.
www.winentrance.com/gemmology
www.iigdelhi.com
www.giionline.com
Gemology Institute of India, 29,Gurukul Chambers, Mumbaidevi Road, Mumbai-2
www.uce.ac.uk
www.gemcitycollege.com


12. IPR courses

The World trade Organization envisages free trade of products in a transparent and competitive environment leading to smooth trading activities. Several agreements on Agriculture tariffs, subsidies, sanitary measures and intellectual property rights have come under a single roof of World Trade Organization (WTO) as GATT agreement. More than 100 countries including India knowingly or unknowingly entered in to this global trade regime to promote economic development across the globe. WTO forces member countries to open up their economy to a free flow of imports and exports. Market access, domestic market and TRIPS are the key elements pertaining to WTO in the Agriculture sector.
Recently in the post WTO era intellectual property rights acquires more importance. United Nations has started world intellectual property organization (WIPO) at Geneva in order to address the emerging issues. UNCTAD (United Nations council for trade and development) is funding projects on IPR issues for getting sustainable results. Patenting, copyrighting and trade marking should be emphasized now a days. As a sequel to growing importance given to IPR issues, there is a trend towards IPR in the educational and career sector within the country and abroad. Globally various types of courses catering the need for addressing IPR issues at different levels are available in the higher education sector. Post graduate; post diploma and certificate courses on IPR are available in the country and abroad. Even though any graduate can join for the programme, science and engineering graduates will be given preference during admission process. Major objectives of this programme are to disseminate information on national and international IPR issues, to create awareness on IPR among scientists, professionals, academicians, government officials, planners and entrepreneurs and to popularize the documentation and administrative procedures on IPR. These courses are very much useful to Lawyers, research students, professionals, engineers, scientists, brand managers, chartered accountants, regulatory officials and company secretaries. Courses cover wide areas like different patent laws, protection, copyrights, etc.

IPR experts can ensure rights of creators and owners of intellectual property throughout the world. They can carry out tasks like administering international treaties and assist the governments, organizations, farmers, industries and private sector in the emerging IPR issues. There is increasing career potential for IPR professionals in different domains like patent laws, trade marking, patenting, geographical patents, regulatory system, etc. which is an emerging area of research. So there is great potential for scientists and teachers and lawyers in the higher education sector. Many professionals can diversify their activities related to IPR issues. Lawyers can specialize in patent laws and can work as consultants.
Different courses on intellectual property rights are available in the country.
Indira Gandhi national Open University has recently started one-year postgraduate diploma in intellectual property rights in collaboration with WIPO. Details can be had from www.ignou.ac.in.
Rajeev Gandhi institute of Intellectual property rights based at IIT, Kharagpur has LLB, MBA and Post diploma programmes with specialisation in IPR. The programmes cover wide areas like Patent law & Practice, IP specifications & Transactions, copyright, Drafting and IP management, registration, commercialisation and technology.
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara Law College, Mangalore has one year post diploma programme in IPR.
Many institutions are conducting four to six months certificate programmes in intellectual property rights. They are
1. SVKM institute of intellectual property studies, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56
Email- info@iips.ac.in
2. Academy of intellectual Property studies, Mumbai-104
Email- info@aips.ac.in
Post graduate Diploma programmes in IPR are available in Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, England, Ireland, The Netherlands, USA and Canada.
Collaborative programmes in IPR are available at Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai in association with University of Washington. Visit -www. Giipinfo.com
Japanese patent office and Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation is offering training and awareness programmes in intellectual property protection in India.
Canadian, Australian and UK institutions are offering advanced post graduate and post diploma programmes in IPR.
13. Environmental courses

Research on environmental issues related to agricultural and non-agricultural areas are acquiring momentum in the world. They focus on agricultural production and environmental protection, particularly biodiversity conservation and management. Applied research on environmental issues focuses on three areas of research. It includes conservation and management of species and habitat, ecology and value of ecosystem goods and services and the ecology of spatial and temporal scales.

Agricultural land use can result in population decline and range contraction of vulnerable species and the loss, fragmentation and degradation of important habitats. In order to conserve key species and habitats we need to assess how agriculture causes such adverse effects, and required to develop approaches to land management that restore damaged species and habitats. Research on the above issues will try to understand how species and habitats respond in order to improve our ability to design effective management in future. UK and US universities are playing an active role in the areas of sustainable agriculture, environmental issues, ecological studies and climate change through their need based research programs. Postgraduates from India in the disciplines of biological and agricultural sciences can undertake environmental issues for their doctoral and postdoctoral research.
Sustainable Environmental Management programmes develop a thorough grounding in both the theoretical and practical dimensions of environmental assessment, audit and policymaking and lead to careers with environmental consultancies and government agencies.
The sustainable management of natural resources is one of the most challenging issues facing the modern world. Only when we understand the relationships between human activities and the environment can we reconcile the conflicts between economic development and nature conservation.
As the effects of global warming are felt the demand for professionals able to address the challenge increases. The climate change problem transcends traditional academic boundaries and demands realistic and cost-effective solutions.

Climate Change and Sustainable Development course will help to understand the big picture of what sustainable development is? how it can be achieved, and how to deal with global climate change. It is also for people who want to learn practical skills enabling them to gain employment putting this understanding into practice.
Rapidly growing human population place extraordinary pressures on ecosystems like large-scale environmental destruction, habitat conservation, habitat fragmentation and pollution. This lead to emergence of conservation biology, an assemblage of scientific disciplines that are focused on sustaining biodiversity through co-operative synthesis of ideas, information and approaches. Biodiversity is the key in maintaining life. Conservation biology is the emerging branch of biology having immense research and career potential in the world. Recently conservation of flora and fauna has been picking up momentum in the country.

Environmental courses
BE-Specialization in Environmental Studies

Andhra University, College of Engineering, Visakhapatanam-3
Delhi college of Engineering, New Delhi-42
L.D.College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-15
PES College of Engineering, Mandya
Visveswariah Technological University, Chikmanglur, Karnataka
Vidhya Vardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore-2
KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur

BSc Environmental Science

Barathiar University, Coimbatore
Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-5
University of Pune, Pune
Patna University, Patna
Manipur university, Manipur
University of Delhi, New Delhi-7
South Gujarat University, Surat
S.N. College, Alathur, Palakkad, Kerala

Post Graduate Programme

1. Kerala University, Kariavattom, Trivandrum
2. Christ College, Irinjalakkuda, Thrissur
3. St.John’s College, Anchal, Kollam
4. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
5. Indian Institute of Science, Mumbai
6. Govt. Engineering College, Thrissur.www.gectr.edu
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22. www.cusat.ac.in
All Saints College, Trivandrum

www.met.fsu.edu
www.wku.edu
www.kids.earth.nasa.gov